The travelling salesman problem (TSP) remains one of the most challenging NP‐hard problems in combinatorial optimisation, with significant implications for logistics, network design and route planning ...

This course teaches commonly used approximation methods in quantum mechanics. They include time-independent perturbation theory, time-dependent perturbation theory, tight binding method, variational ...

Approximation theory and asymptotic methods form a foundational framework that bridges classical ideas with modern numerical analysis, enabling researchers to obtain practical, near‐optimal solutions ...