Modern cells are complex chemical entities with cytoskeletons, finely regulated internal and external molecules, and genetic material that determines nearly every aspect of their functioning. This ...

A genomic atlas of Nematostella vectensis reveals how primitive animals created multiple cell types millions of years ago, ...

In a study published in Developmental Cell, a team led by Prof. Robert K. Naumann from the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and researchers from BGI ...

Plant regeneration relies on a delicate balance between stem cell renewal and differentiation, yet the evolutionary origin ...

New imaging reveals a built-in safeguard that allows B cell populations to rapidly expand in germinal centers without introducing deleterious mutations. Germinal centers are high-speed evolution ...

Germinal centers are high-speed evolution machines. Tiny clusters in the lymph nodes, germinal centers refine antibodies through mutation and expansion until they produce high-affinity B cells adapted ...

A review examines the prevailing theory of cancer evolution. The authors highlight both practical and theoretical limitations of the clonal model of cancer evolution and propose areas for improving ...

The process of evolution usually takes thousands, millions or even billions of years. But researchers have found a way to condense it into a matter of minutes using a method called 'directed evolution ...

Germinal centers are engines of rapid evolution. These tiny clusters in the lymph nodes refine antibodies through proliferation and mutation, generating high-affinity B cells capable of controlling ...