FPGAs provide increased precision and performance to mitigate disturbances found in typical laser test beds. Taking high-precision measurements, such as those for molecular and atomic applications, ...

In Part 1, we reviewed the low frequency behavior of the HCNR200 circuit, and obtained the stability conditions by analyzing its open-loop transfer function. In this session, we still study the system ...

For the PDF version of this article, click here. Switching power supplies rely on feedback control loops to ensure the supply maintains the required voltage and current with varying load conditions.

Engineers often use SPICE simulations for operational amplifiers to look at the stability of a proposed circuit. SPICE simulations are particularly frequent for high-speed amplifier applications where ...