The mammalian complement system is a phylogenetically ancient cascade system that has a major role in innate and adaptive immunity. Activation of component C3 (1,641 residues) is central to the three ...

For the complement system to cause AMD, there must be initiation (a ‘trigger’), amplification, and local retinal damage caused by the process. The alternative pathway of the complement system is ...

A gamma-globulin factor in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus that reacts with isolated cell nuclei 1 or nucleoprotein 2,3 has been detected in many ways. 4 The standard method of ...