Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming how scientists understand proteins—these are working molecules that drive nearly every process in the human body, from cell growth and immune defense to ...

When active filaments are exposed to localized illumination, they accumulate into stable structures along the boundaries of the illuminated area. Based on this fact, researchers developed a model that ...

Deployable composite structures and mechanisms represent a frontier in materials engineering, where innovative fabrication techniques and advanced design principles are utilised to create lightweight, ...

4D printing introduces the "time dimension" based on 3D printing, enabling printed structures to undergo controllable dynamic changes in shape, properties, or functions under external stimuli such as ...

Filamentous cyanobacteria aggregate in areas with favorable light conditions and use the light energy for photosynthesis. Typically, these microorganisms form long filaments consisting of many cells.