Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) remains a cornerstone of international economics, positing that in the long run exchange rates should adjust so that identical goods and services cost the same across ...

International Economics examines the cross‐border flow of goods, services, capital and information, shaping how nations interact within an increasingly interdependent global economy. Its scope extends ...

What is the value of a country’s goods against those of another country, a group of countries, or the rest of the world, at the prevailing exchange rate? How does one determine whether a currency is ...

The Economic Issues series was inaugurated in September 1996. Its aim is to make some of the economic research being produced in the International Monetary Fund on topical issues accessible to a broad ...