Humans are protected by two branches of the immune system. Innate immunity provides built-in defense against widespread characteristics of bacteria and viruses, while adaptive immunity memorizes ...

When a transplanted organ arrives, it’s like a controlled burn that risks becoming a wildfire. The body’s innate immune system senses damage signals, like heat shock proteins (HSP70), and sounds the ...

Pioneering research led by Brazilians describes the immune system's reactions in detail in the first living patient to receive a genetically modified pig kidney transplant. This paves the way for the ...

Innate immunity constitutes the body’s first line of defence against invading pathogens. This ancient, evolutionarily conserved system is activated within minutes of encountering foreign agents, ...

Along with defending against pathogens, the body's innate immune system helps to protect the stability of our genomes in unexpected ways - ways that have important implications for the development of ...

Cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, harness and amplify the immune system’s natural ability to detect and attack cancer cells. In this illustration, immune T cells (pink) attach to a ...

Our immune system is divided into two main branches: innate and adaptive. Innate immune cells act as a first line of defense, quickly responding to invaders, while adaptive immune cells take a longer ...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. The two major types of IBD are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Whereas in UC inflammation ...

Phospholipases PLA1, PLA2, PLC, and PLD hydrolyze phospholipids to produce corresponding lysophospholipids and fatty acids. Red arrows indicate the corresponding hydrolysis sites. B) Phospholipases ...

Trained immunity provides a unifying framework linking innate immune memory to both protective and maladaptive inflammation ...

Although many anticancer immunotherapies have focused on the adaptive immune system, the innate immune system also plays important roles in the immune response against cancer. The cells of the innate ...