Fuzzy Fredholm integral equations represent a class of mathematical problems in which uncertainty is incorporated directly into the model via fuzzy numbers. These equations extend the classical ...

For the integral equation $\mathrm{u}\left(\mathrm{x}\right)={\int }_{0}^{1}\mathrm{K}(\mathrm{x},\mathrm{y})\times \mathrm{u}\left(\mathrm{y}\right)\mathrm{d}\mathrm ...

Electromagnetic integral equations offer a powerful framework for modelling wave propagation and scattering phenomena by recasting Maxwell’s equations into formulations involving integrals over ...

Integral equations in various scientific theories and their relation to differential equations. Methods of solving linear problems with Hilbert Schmidt, Cauchy, and Wiener-Hopf type kernels; ...

This paper investigates the existence of solutions for nonlinear fractional differential equations with integral boundary conditions on an unbounded domain. An example illustrating how the theory can ...