Experimental techniques have long served as the bedrock for advancing our understanding of fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer phenomena. These methods encompass a broad spectrum of approaches – from ...

Scientists have made a discovery about the properties of water that could provide an exciting addendum to a phenomenon established over two centuries ago. The discovery also holds interesting ...

People not in the refrigeration business often think that refrigeration equipment produces cold air; in fact, the equipment is actually removing heat from air and leaving what’s left — the cold. When ...

Early in life, most children learn that touching a hot stove or even being near a roaring fire can burn them. Whether conveyed via direct contact or rays of light zipping through space, the often ...

The introduction of the catalytic converter into the engine compartment has led to severe requirements for thermal insulation. The converter and the exhaust manifold constitute significant heat ...

Computational methods are now a cornerstone in the study of fluid flow, heat transfer and mass transfer phenomena, underpinning modern simulations that inform both fundamental research and engineering ...

Water can exist in three phases: a frozen solid, a liquid, and a gas. When heat is applied to a frozen solid, it becomes a liquid. When applied to the liquid, it becomes vapor. This elementary ...