Backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) have emerged as a pivotal mathematical tool in the analysis of complex systems across finance, physics and engineering. Their formulation, generally ...

Fuzzy Fredholm integral equations represent a class of mathematical problems in which uncertainty is incorporated directly into the model via fuzzy numbers. These equations extend the classical ...

Optical systems employ a rich array of physical effects which are described by well-understood equations. However, for all but the simplest devices these equations are typically too complex to permit ...

Analysis and application of numerical methods for solving large systems of linear equations, which often represent the bottleneck when computing solutions to equations arising in fluid mechanics, ...