Ryan Mayfield led an informative discussion on the history of the NEC PV Hazard Control System rules and the latest changes to the UL 3741 standard.

Fraunhofer ISE expects to complete the medium-voltage testing project in 2028. Image: KACO New Energy. German research institute Fraunhofer ISE has launched a project to explore how medium-voltage ...

A spinoff of Germany’s Fraunhofer Gesellschaft has developed a compact vehicle-integrated PV system integrated with medical support equipment to provide off-grid, off-road mobile healthcare in rural ...

Article 690 covers solar installations, except large-scale ones (those are covered in Article 691) [Sec. 690.1], as shown in Fig. 1. There are three important definitions: “Photovoltaic (PV) system” ...

More inverters are coming to the end of their life, and needing replacement, as the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry matures. Inverter failures usually occur on systems that are 10-plus years old. At ...

Developed by Egyptian scientists, the PV-powered water pumping system may produce up to 181.8 m3 of water per day. The system consists of two PV arrays with each a capacity of 4.6 kW and a pumping ...

Maximising the performance of tracked bifacial PV requires optimisation of technical and financial factors. Image: Nextracker PV systems combining bifacial and tracker technologies deliver the ...

What is the PV-Pushback-Effect? How can solar day lamps (SDLs) take advantage of this effect? Solar day lamps (SDLs) are made by simply connecting an LED array to a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel. SDLs ...

A readily accessible disconnecting means is required to disconnect power from each photovoltaic (PV) system [690.13(A)(1)], as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1. A readily accessible disconnecting means is ...