Let $\{S_n\}$ be the partial sums of a sequence of independent random variables and let $\{a_n\}$ be a nondecreasing, divergent real sequence. Necessary and sufficient conditions for $\lim ...

Fuzzy statistics and random variables represent a progressive fusion of traditional probability theory with the principles of fuzzy logic, enabling the treatment of imprecision and vagueness inherent ...

French mathematician and astronomer, Pierre-Simon Laplace brought forth the first major treatise on probability that combined calculus and probability theory in 1812. A single roll of the dice can be ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

A random variable X is N-divisible if it can be decomposed into a random sum of N i.i.d. components, where N is a random variable independent of the components; X is N-stable if the components are ...