Thomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more than 20 years of experience in various areas including investing, insurance portfolio management, finance and accounting, personal investment and financial ...

Z-score is an extremely useful technique not only for screening, but also for stock picking and portfolio structuring. A backtest shows that using a composite Z-score, based on PC, PTBV and PE ratios, ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Z-scores measure how far a closed-end fund's current discount status is from its average premium or discount. Writers will often highlight the probability of a given Z-score, usually to bolster an ...

The Altman Z-score formula, developed by Professor Edward Altman in 1960, offers a practical means to gauge a company's financial robustness and its vulnerability to bankruptcy. With a predictive ...